upo, up, eup, (e)up-s-

    upo, up, eup, (e)up-s-

    English meaning: under, from under, etc..

    Deutsche Übersetzung: etwa “under an etwas heran”

    Note: from the meaning “from under hinauf” die meaning “hinauf, about”, die partly here, esp. but in related *upér(i) (see d.), as well as in the group ὑψῃλός etc. ausgeprägt is; IE upo is preverb (e.g. O.Ind. úpa-i-, Gk. ὕπ-ειμι, Lat. sub-eō) and preposition by variant case.

    Material: 1. O.Ind. úpa preverb and preposition “ toward - to (acc.); an, by, to (loc.); in Laufe from, gemäß, with in sense the Begleitung (instr.)”, Av. upa, ар. upü preverb and preposition “ toward - to, in, auf (acc.); by, in (loc.)”; Gk. ὑπό preverb and preposition “under an etwas heran, under etwas (acc.); under an, under (“dative “, eig. loc. and partly perhaps instr.); under; of Urheber beim Passiv (gen. of Bereiches); from under weg, under - hervor (abl.)”; Lat. sub (s- from *[e]ks-, compare Gk. ἐξύπερθεν; -b from -p as in ab = Gk. ἀπό), preverb and preposition “under an etwas heran, under etwas” (acc.; also temporal, e.g. sub noctem); under an, under(“abl.”, eig. loc.), as Osc. συπ μεδικιαι (partly perhaps instr., as Umbr. su maronato ‘sub *maronatu”), besides subs- (as abs) in sustineō under likewise and in susque dēque ferō “aequō animō ferō” (Gell.), compare also under die group from ὕψι, Umbr. sub-, su-, Osc. συπ; O.Ir. fo preverb and preposition “under” (acc., “dat.” = loc. or partly perhaps instr.), O.Welsh guo-, gu-, gua-, Welsh go-, gwa-, Corn. go-, gu-, Bret. goupreverb and in compound Gaul. vo- (Voretus under likewise), ve- (Gk.-Celt.-Lat. paraverēdus “Extrapostpferd”, from which Ger. Pferd); maybe Alb. (*subeo, subito) shpejt ‘sudden, fast”. perhaps Welsh gorau “best” from *uper-esu (= Gk. ὑπέρ-ευ “very good”, L.-P. S. 186) or from *uper-gousom (compare S. 399) after Binchy J. C. stem 1, 148 ff.; das о from Celt. vo- ; with O.Ind. upa-sthüna-m “Bedienung”, úpa-sti-, upa-stí- m. “ subordinate, servant” compare M.Ir. foss ‘servant” (*upo-sto-), Welsh Bret. gwas, Corn. guas ds., Gaul. PN Vasso-rīx etc., M.Lat. vassus, vassallus, sämtlich zur root stü- S. 1005, 1008, as also O.Ir. foth “replacement, equivalent” (fo + tü) but M.Ir. fothae “ foundation, origin, source, beginning; an ancestor “ from fo + suide (see 885); Goth. uf (ub-uh) prefix “auf, under”, preposition “under” (acc., “dat.” = loc. and partly perhaps instr.), O.H.G. oba, M.H.G. obe, ob “if, about” (*upó), but O.Ice. of “about, an, in”, O.E. ufe- (*úpo), O.H.G. ūf (ūfan) “auf” (to O.H.G. ū compare under O.C.S. vysokъ); besides with -pp- O.S. uppa, up, O.E. uppe, up, O.Ice. upp “auf, aufwärts” and (with one only in O.Ir. ōs, uas, Welsh uch wiederkehrenden lengthened grade) Goth. iwpa “droben”, iup “after, above”; Hitt. up-zi “geht auf” (from the sun). maybe Alb. hyp, hipi “climb, mount (a horse)” 2. supplementary: O.Ind. upamá- “the oberste, höchste, nächste”, Av. upǝma- ds., O.E. ufemest (and yfemest) “the höchste, oberste”; Lat. summus (*supmos) “the höchste” = Umbr. somo ‘summum”, compare also Gk. ὕπατος “the höchste, erste”. - Gk. ὕπτιος “zurũckgelehnt, rũcklings” (? after Sittig from supti- ‘sleeping” - above S. 1048 -, compare Kretschmer Gl. 22, 247), Lat. supīnus “auf dem back lying, backwards gebeugt, mäßig ansteigend”, aLat. suppus (short form to supīnus?) ds., suppō, -üre ‘supīnüre, auf den back lay, place, rũcklings hinstrecken”, Umbr. sopam ‘suppam”. upélo-s in Goth. ubils, O.E. yfel, O.H.G. ubil “evil”, M.Ir. fel “evil, bad”. upes- in Goth. ubizwa f. “Vorhalle”, O.Ice. ups f., upsi m. “Vorhalle a Kirche”, O.E. efes, yfes “Dachtraufe”, O.H.G. obosa, obasa, obisa “Vorhalle”; ups- (compare above Lat. subs-, susque) in Gk. ὕψι adv. “high” (seems ũbrigens as ὕπ- σι ein loc. pl. to sein, as O.Ir. ōs, uas from *oup-su), whereof ὑψίτερος, ὑψίων “higher”, ὕψιστος “the höchste”; ὑψοῦ, ὑψόθι, -όσε ds., ὑψόθεν “from hoch herab”, τὸ ὕψος “height, acme, apex “, ὑψηλός “high”; with lengthened grade Celt. ou (probably IE eu, compare Goth. iupa): O.Ir. ōs, ūas “above, about” (*oup-su) = Welsh uch, Corn. ugh, Bret. uc”h ds., wherefore adj. O.Ir. ūasal “high”, Welsh uchel (compounds uch, Sup. uchaf) Corn. huhel, Bret. uc”hel “high”, Gaul. Οὔξελλον, -α, Uxello-dūnum (*oupselo-), further O.Ir. ūall “Übermut” (*oupslü) and O.Ir. ōchtar, ūachtar “das Obere”, Welsh uthr “dreadful, erstaunlich” (*oup-tro-, maybe from *oupstro-, or after dem relationship *eks : *ektro- dafũr eingetreten); here das O.Ir. preverb uss-, oss- (*uχs < *ups) e.g. in O.Ir. osnad ‘sigh” (see 38), Welsh uch-enaid, Bret. huanad ds., where *uχs through *ouχs ersetzt worden is; ursprũngliches *uχs and *ud-s-(see above under ud-) are phonetically otherwise not to distinguish, discern; compare Thurneysen Gk. 5, 526; keltiber. PN Vxama, Gaul. Vxisama (: Welsh uchaf “höchst”); Proto-Slav.. *ūpsa- “high” placed in O.C.S. vysokъ etc. “high”.

    References: WP. I 192 f., WH. II 612 ff., Schwyzer Gk. 2, 522 ff., Trautmann 335, Vasmer 1, 242, Mayrhofer 1, 105 f.